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Thursday, January 12, 2012

Neem

General Information


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NameNeem
CodeNE601
Scientific NameAzadirachta Indica A. Juss.
Nepali NameNeem (नीम)
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Among the many natural plants and herbs that people in Nepal use for their medicinal properties, the Neem tree (L. Azadirachta Indica) is one of the most beneficial for natural or Ayurvedic medicine. Found over most of the forested regions of the Nepal, as well as in other countries of similar climatic conditions, the Neem tree can thrive in climates that range from hot, or tropical (45 degrees Celsius) to altitudes of semi-temperate, higher altitude regions, with temperatures slightly above freezing. Used in Nepalese Ayurvedic medicine for more than 2,000 years, the Neem tree's barkNeem leavesNeem seeds, and roots can be made into various medicinal remedies for a wide range of ailments, ranging from anti-hemorrhoids and loss of appetite, to leprosy and other skin disorders.
For generations, Nepalese medical practitioners have made poultices from Neem leaves to cure skin diseases such as boils, ulcers, eczema, and ring worm. Pastes and extracts from Neem trees have also proven effective in treating various skin fungus conditions, including athlete's foot and lesions in the mouth and vagina. More serious diseases such as chicken pox and small pox have been treated with Neem tree pastes; and even people suffering from herpes and hepatitis B viruses have obtained relief from Neem tree preparations.
Oil made from the Neem tree's fruit and seeds is light to dark brown in color and somewhat bitter tasting; almost like a combination of peanuts and garlic. The oil contains quantities of steroids, including beta-sitosterol (used to treat men suffering from enlarged prostate glands) as well as linoleic and olei acids (Omega 6 and 9), and is found to contain the well known Omega 3 fatty acid (used to prevent arterial sclerosis). In addition to its medicinal properties, Neem oil is also used as a base for variety of organic cosmetics including soaps, shampoos, hand and body lotions and creams. It is also used as an organic bio-pesticide repellant against insects such as Japanese beetles, meal worms, and aphids.

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Cinnamon

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NameCinnamon
CodeNE603
Scientific NameCinnamomum Tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm
Nepali NameDalchini (दालचिनी)
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Cinnamon is a herb traditionally used by many ancient cultures. It is indicated for a variety of ailments including gastrointestinal problems, urinary infections, relieving symptoms of colds and flu and has remarkable anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties. Some studies have shown that Cinnamon helps people with diabetes metabolise sugar better.

It is used in flatulent dyspepsia, dyspepsia with nausea, intestinal colic and digestive atony associated with cold & debilitated conditions. It is known to relieve nausea and vomiting, and because of its mild astringency it is particularly used for infantile diarrhea.
Cinnamon warms and stimulates the digestive system, useful in weak digestion, colic, griping, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, wind and distension. The tannins have an astringent action, stemming bleeding in nosebleeds, heavy periods and resolving diarrhea and catarrhal congestion.

Cinnamon may help to:
Soothe an upset stomach:
Cinnamon extracts have been used medically to treat gastrointestinal problems and to help calm the stomach. Cinnamon is a carminative, an agent that helps break up intestinal gas that has traditionally been used to combat diarrhea and morning sickness. Both test-tube and some animal studies have found that cinnamon may help to relieve mild abdominal discomfort caused by excess gas.
Clear up urinary-tract infections:
One German study showed that Cinnamon "suppresses completely" the cause of most urinary-tract infections (Escherichia coli bacteria) and the fungus responsible for vaginal yeast infections (Candida albicans).
Allow diabetics to use less insulin:
Some studies have shown that Cinnamon helps people with diabetes metabolise sugar better. In adult-onset (Type II) diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but the body can't use it efficiently to break down blood sugar.
Richard Anderson at the US Department of Agriculture's Human Nutrition Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland found that Cinnamon enhances the ability of insulin to metabolise glucose, helping to control blood sugar levels. Cinnamon contains the anti-oxidant glutathione and a type of flavonoid called MHCP (methylhydroxy chalcone polymer). It is believed that cinnamon makes fat cells much more responsive to insulin, the hormone that regulates sugar metabolism and thus controls the level of glucose in the blood.
"One-eighth of a teaspoon of cinnamon triples insulin efficiency," say James A. Duke, Ph.D., a botanist retired from the U.S. Department of Agriculture and author of The CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Dr. Duke suggest that people with adult-onset diabetes discuss Cinnamon's benefits with their doctor. Taking ½ to ¾ teaspoon of ground Cinnamon with each meal may help control blood sugar levels.
Aid digestion:
Cinnamon contains compounds called catechins, which help relieve nausea. The volatile oil in cinnamon bark may also help the body to process food by breaking down fats during digestion.
Kill many disease-causing fungi and viruses:
Preliminary results from test tube and animal studies suggest that cinnamon oil and cinnamon extract have anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and anti-parasitic properties. For example, cinnamon has been found to be active against Candida albicans, the fungus responsible for vaginal yeast infections and thrush (oral yeast infection), Helicobacter pylori (the bacteria that causes stomach ulcers), and even head lice.
An incredible experiment in the journal of Food Science for 1974 demonstrated the power of cinnamon over most yeasts and fungi. Slices of white, raisin, rye and whole wheat breads, manufactured without the usual mold inhibitors, were subjected to various aflatoxins, a group of toxic molds so dangerous that they can cause liver cancer and kill humans and animals alike and often occur in food. The toxic molds grew vigorously on all of the other breads, except for the raisin bread where growth was described as being "scant or not visible at all." In trying to identify whether it was the raisins or cinnamon responsible for this, food scientists discovered that as little as 2% or 20 mg. of the spice per ml of a yeast-extract and sucrose broth inhibited 97 -99 per cent of these molds.
Relieve Pain:
Cinnamon is considered a pain-killer due to its prostaglandin-inhibiting action.
Relieve Colds and Flu:
In both India and Europe, cinnamon has been traditionally taken as a warming herb for "cold" conditions, often in combination with ginger (Zingiber officinale). The herb stimulates the circulation, especially to the fingers and toes and has been used for arthritis. Cinnamon is also a traditional remedy for aching muscles and other symptoms of viral conditions such as colds and flue.

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Aloe-Vera

Scientific Name: Aloe vera/barbadensis
English Name: Aloe vera
Nepali Name:
 Gheukumari
Sanskrit Name: Kumari
Description:
Aloe is a coarse-looking perennial plant with a short stem, erect, with crowded leaves that has spiny teeth on the margins. Red colored flowers in a bunch appear during late winter. This plant grows well in sandy soil. The tissue in the center of the aloe leaf contains a gel which yields aloe gel or aloe vera gel. Aloe
Distribution: mostly found in tropical and subtropical plains. Often cultivated as a garden plant.
Parts Used: Leaf gel and sap. Aloin Extract, dried juice of leaves and pulp root
Phytochemical properties: Aloin, obtained from the gel in the leaf. Responsible for the plant's healing properties. Its principal constituents are the leaves that contain barbaloin, chrysophanol glycoside and the aglycone, aloe-emodin.

Description of Rhododendron

Botanical Name: Rhododendron arboreum Sm.

Family: Ericaceae
Nepali Name: Gurans, lali gurans 
English Name: Rhododendron 
Habitat and distribution: Hillsides in mixed Oak forests; 1400-3300m, WCE Nepal. Also distributed in Sikkim, Bhutan, S Tibet and Myanmar.


Diagnostic characters: Tree about 15m high. Leaves stalked, crowded toward the ends of branches, oblong to lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, entire, silvery  beneath. Flowers red, white or pink, crowded in large rounded corymbs. Fruit a  capsule, cylindrical, longitudinally ribbed.

Parts used : bark and flower

Medicinal Properties: 
Leaves paste is applied to the forehead in the treatment of headaches. The juice of the bark is used in the treatment of coughs, diarrhoea and dysentery. In ayurveda it is used in Jaundice, Diabetes, piles, splenomegaly (enlargement of spleen), liver disorder and worms. it is also used in skin diseases.

Other use: It is used to make household implements.When a fish bone gets stuck in the throat, people eat the petals to help extract the bone.

Dose: 
Powder: 1-3 gm
Decoction 50-100ml

Note: In Nepal, it is used as a subtitute of Tecoma undulata (Rohitaka).
Ayurvedic Preparation: Rohitakyadi churna.
Caution: The leaves are poisonous. The flowers can cause intoxication in large quantities.

Chirata

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NameChiretta / Chirata / Chirayata / Swertia
CodeNE610
Scientific NameSwertia Chirayita
Nepali NameChiraito, Tito (चिराइतो, तितो)
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Chiretta (Chirata, Chirayata, Swertia) grows to about three feet high and is a Nepal and some parts of India where it grows on the foothills of the Himalayas. It is harvested after flowering and the whole plant is used.
This plant is very bitter and any extract will be very bitter to take, tinctures possibly the easiest to administer.
The blood sugar reduction effects of this plant is claimed to be self moderating (i.e. once blood sugar levels stabilise at an acceptable level the effect of this herb reduces accordingly). Some laboratory tests have gone a long way towards confirming these claims but is st6ill regarded as not fully conclusive.
Chiretta also stimulates the generation of saliva and gastric fluids in the body.

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Our Villages Herbs

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ImageLocal NameScientific NameNepali NameAvailability Status
Chebulic Myrobalan, Black MyrobalanTerminalia Chebula Retz.Harro (हर्रो) Available
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Chiretta / Chirata / Chirayata / SwertiaSwertia ChirayitaChiraito, Tito (चिराइतो, तितो) Available
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CinnamonCinnamomum Tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & EbermDalchini (दालचिनी) Available
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Cordyceps SinensisCordyceps SinensisYarsagumba (यार्सागुम्बा) Available
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Dry GingerZingiber OfficinaleSutho (सुठो) Available
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Dry GooseberryPhyllanthus Emblica L.Amala (अमला) Available
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Herb ParisParis Polyphylla Sm.Satuwa (सतुवा) Available
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Himalayan RhubarbRheum Australe D. Don.Padamchaal (पदमचाल) Available
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Lemon GrassCymbopogon CitratusLemon Grass Available
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Malabathrum (Cinnamon Leaves)Cinnamomum Tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & EbermTejpat (तेज पात) Available
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Mug-wortArtemisia Indica WilldTite Pati (तिते पाती) Available
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MyrobalanTerminalia Bellerica (Gaertner) Roxb.Barro (बर्रो) Available
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NeemAzadirachta Indica A. Juss.Neem (नीम) Available
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RudrakshaElaeocarpus Sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.Rudraksha (रुद्राक्ष) Available
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ShikakaiAcacia Concinnaशिकाकाई Available
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Soapnut Shells (100% Organic) [Seedless]Sapindus MukorossiRitha, Reetha Available
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Spikenard / JatamansiNardostachys Grandiflora / Nardostachys JatamansiJatamasi (जटामसी) Available
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Water PennywortCentella Asiatica L. / Hydrocotyle Asiatica L.Brahmi (ब्राह्मी) Available
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Zanthoxylum AlatumZanthoxylum AlatumTimur (टिमुर) Available
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